Table 2 Summary of candidate biomarkers
Protein name | Symbol | Primary subcellular localization www.hprd.org | Previous identification in NAF | Supporting evidence for elevated protein expression in breast cancer tissue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonmetastatic cells 1 protein | NME1 | Cytoplasm/Extracellular | Novel | Overall expression Cancer > Normal |
Stain positive in glandular cells in normal breast, strong cytoplasmic/membrane staining in cancer | ||||
{Uhlen, 2005 #36}{Lacombe, 1991 #79} | ||||
Protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta | PTK2B | Cytoplasm | Novel | NA |
Arrestin beta 1 | ARRB1 | Cytoplasm | Novel | Overall expression Cancer > Normal |
In breast, malignant tissue showed a few cases of moderate to strong staining in contrast to the normal tissue that was negative. {Uhlen, 2005 #36} | ||||
Rho interacting protein 3 | MRIP | Cytoplasm | Novel | NA |
GDNF family receptor alpha 1 | GFRA1 | Cell membrane | Novel | Overexpression in a subset of estrogen receptor-positive tumors |
{Esseghir, 2007 #78} | ||||
Adenomatosis polyposis coli | APC | Cytoplasm | Novel | NA |
Heat shock 60 kDa protein 1 (chaperonin) | HSP60 | Extracellular | Novel | HSP60 expression gradually increases from normal through DCIS to invasive tissues. |
Autoantibodies directed against HSP60 were present in 16/49 (31%) early stage breast cancer and 18/58 (32.6%) DCIS patients. | ||||
{Desmetz, 2008 #77} | ||||
Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2 | SLP76 | Cytoplasm | Novel | NA |
Cathepsin Da | CTSD | Extracellular | In normal pooled NAF {Varnum, 2003 #30} | Overall expression Cancer > Normal |
Stain positive in glandular cells in normal breast | ||||
Heterogeneous staining pattern in cancer, often diffuse, slight to moderate cytoplasmic | ||||
{Uhlen, 2005 #36} |