Fig. 3

The immunopathology contributes to differences in serum proteome and the choice of treatments. a The spectrum of RA immunopathology ranges from innate immunity, cell-mediated to humoral immune response. The predominantly involved immune cells contribute to the distinctive compositions of serum proteins. DCs, dendritic cells; NETome, proteome associated with neutrophil extracellular traps. b Responders to four groups of bDMARDs are characterized by different biomarker spectrum, as illustrated by the color gradients. The darker areas of gradient lines represent enrichment of corresponding biomarkers, indicating the effective range of each bDMARD. The references are listed in Additional file 2: Table S3