Cerebrospinal fluid camk2a levels at baseline predict long-term progression in multiple sclerosis

Table 1 Demographic and clinical information of study participants (Primary cohort)

	Primary Cohort		Verification Cohorts
	Multiple Sclerosis	Non-Inflammatory Neurological Control	Inflammatory Neurological Controls	Multiple Sclerosis	Headache Control
Institution	Ottawa Hospital	Ottawa Hospital	Ottawa Hospital	Mayo Clinic	Mayo Clinic
Participants, n	34	19	10	40	15
Age at sampling, in years^a	42 ± 9	35 ± 6	42 ± 15	46 ± 18	46 ± 12
Sex-female, n (%)	28 (80.0%)	14 (73.7%)	5 (50%)	26 (67%)	12 (80%)
Initial EDSS^b,c	1.5 ± 0.75	0	-	1.5 ± 2	-
Disease course at sampling, n (CIS/RRMS/PPMS)^d	8/16/10	-	-	0/20/20	-
Disease course at 10 years, n (CIS/RRMS/SPMS/PPMS)^d,e	1/17/3/9	-	-	-	-
Final EDSS ≥ 4, n (%)^e	13 (43.3%)	-	-	-	-
Sampling to last follow up, in years^b,e	14.7 ± 2.5	-	-	-	-

^a Expressed as mean ± SD.
^b Expressed as a median ± IQR.
^c Expanded Disability Status Scale.
^d CIS = clinically isolated syndrome, RRMS = relapsing remitting MS, SPMS = secondary Progressive MS, PPMS = primary progressive MS.
^e Four of the thirty-four multiple sclerosis patients did not have long-term follow up and were excluded from these parameters and all long-term clinical outcome analyses.

ISSN: 1559-0275