Table 1 The binding specificity of the lectins used in this study
Abbreviated lectin name | Full name of lectin | Population variation | Primary monosaccharide preference | Primary binding specificity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
AAL | Aleuria aurantia lectin | 50-Fold | Fucose | Fucose (α-1,6) N-acetylglucosamine or fucose (α-1,3) N-acetyllactosamine residues [35] |
UEA I | Ulex europaeus agglutinin I | 5,300-Fold | Fucose | Fucosyl (α-1,2) galactosyl (β-1,4) N-acetylglucosamine (β-1,6)-R and other α-monofucosyl oligomers residues [36–38] |
JAC | Jacalin lectin | 6-Fold | Galactose | O-Linked galactosyl (β-1,3) N-acetylgalactosamine, including the mono- or disialylated forms [39–41] |
MAL I | Maackia amurensis I lectin | 1,600-Fold | Galactose | Sialic acid (α-2,3) galactosyl (β-1,4) N-acetylglucosamine residues, tolerating substitution of N-acetyllactosamine with sialic acid at the 3 position of galactose [42, 43] |
PSA | Pisum sativum agglutinin | 7-Fold | Mannose | α-Mannose containing oligosaccharides with an N-acetylchitobiose-linked α-fucose residue included in the sequence [38, 44–46] |
ConA | Concanavalin A | 4-Fold | Mannose and glucose | Internal and nonreducing terminal α-mannose residues but also binds nonreducing terminal α-glucose and α-N-acetylglucosamine residues [38, 47, 48] |
GNL | Galanthus nivalis lectin | 25-Fold | Mannose | (α-1,3) Mannose residues, and unlike most mannose-binding lectins, it does not bind α-glucose residues [49] |
HHL | Hippeastrum hybrid lectin | 1,300-Fold | Mannose | (α-1,3)- and (α-1,6)-linked polymannose structures and does not require mannose to be at the nonreducing terminus [50] |
BPL | Bauhinia purpurea alba lectin | 20-Fold | N-Acetyl-galactosamine | Galactosyl (β-1,3) N-acetylgalactosamine residues but also binds oligosaccharides with a terminal α-N-acetylgalactosamine [51, 52] |
VVA | Vicia villosa lectin | 1,000-fold | N-Acetyl-galactosamine | α- or β-linked terminal N-acetylgalactosamine, especially a single α-N-acetylgalactosamine residue linked to serine or threonine [53, 54] |
DSL | Datura stramonium lectin | 145-Fold | N-Acetyl-glucosamine | (β-1,4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine oligomers, preferring chitobiose or chitotriose over a single N-acetylglucosamine residue and also binds well to N-acetyllactosamine and oligomers containing repeating N-acetyllactosamines [55, 56] |
LEL | Lycopersicon esculentum lectin | 9,000-fold | N-Acetyl-glucosamine | (β-1,4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine oligomers preferring trimers and tetramers of this sugar [57, 58] |
WGA | Wheat germ agglutinin | 10-Fold | N-Acetyl-glucosamine | Terminal (β-1,4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine dimers, galactosyl (β-1,4) N-acetylglucosamine (β-1,3) repeats of large oligosaccharides and also binds weaker to (α-2,3)- and (α-2,6)-linked terminal N-acetylneuraminic acid residues [59–61] |
MAL II | Maackia amurensis II lectin | 700-Fold | Sialic acid | N-Acetylneuraminic (α-2,3) galactosyl (β-1,3) N-acetylneuraminic (α-2,6) N-acetylgalactosamine and other (α-2,3) linked sialic acid residues [62] |
SNA | Sambucus nigra lectin | 15-Fold | Sialic acid | Sialic acid attached to a terminal galactose in (α-2,6) linkage and to a lesser degree (α-2,3) linkage [63] |