Addressing the needs of traumatic brain injury with clinical proteomics

Table 1 Candidate marker biofluid concentrations ^a

Surrogate marker	Process or source, cell type	Concentration in TBI biofluids (ng/mL)
Surrogate marker	Process or source, cell type	CSF	Serum
IL-10	Inflammation	0.001-0.060 (children,[48])	0.050-0150[49]
		0.002-0.005 (adult,[46])
S100B	Astroglia	1.0-15.0[51]	0.01-0.70[46, 52, 53]
GFAP	Astroglia	9.0-22.0[54]	0.14-15.0[55]
NFL/NFH/P-NFH	Axon	0.13-2.5 and 49–562[56, 57]	NA
MBP	Axon/oligodendrocytes	NA	0.50-100.0[46, 58]
Tau/amyloid β	Axon	Tau: 0.035-5.72 (neonate,[59])	0.91- 5.1[60, 61]
		1,519.6 – 2,308 (adult,[62–66])
		Aβ 1–42: 1.17 (adult,[67]
NSE	Neuron	10-30[46]	10-20[58]
UCH-L1	Neuron	20-300[68]	1.0-15[68]
α-spectrin-II BDP	Neuron + astroglia	0.0-100[69]	NA
MAP-2	Neuron	NA	0.04-0.06[70]

^aSelected examples of reported TBI markers for which some concentrations were found; NA – not available.

ISSN: 1559-0275