Fig. 5

Autophagy analysis. a Representative IHC analysis of histological sections from HMV (left) and MMV (right) stained with anti-LC3 antibody. b Graphic representation of the LC3 staining relative to the valve area from HMV (n = 5) and MMV (n = 5). The incidence of LC3 puncta in mitral valve was largely increased in MMV compared to HMV (1 ± 0.48 vs 3.29 ± 1.55; p = 0.007)