Fig. 1

Timeline, workflow and result overview for the db/db and STZ mouse models. a The timeline for the db/db and STZ mouse models with indications for time of arrival, STZ intervention, dosing start of insulin or vehicle, analyses, measurements and termination. Blood glucose and body weight were monitored weekly in both mouse models, HbA1c% was analyzed weekly in the db/db model and 6 and 10 weeks after STZ intervention in the STZ mouse model. The albumin excretion rate, AER, was analyzed at three time points in both mouse models; in the db/db model at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks after insulin dosing start and in the STZ model at baseline, 6 and 10 weeks. The STZ study was terminated 10 weeks after the STZ intervention (animals 18 weeks old) and the db/db study was terminated 12.5 weeks after baseline (dosing start of insulin or vehicle) when the animals were 22 weeks old. In both mouse models the included diabetic animals had elevated AER and BG over 16 mM. b The workflow for protein purification, data and statistical analyses for the db/db and STZ mouse models. In c a Venn diagram of the N-glycosylated proteins in the db/db and STZ mouse models is shown. The protein quantification is based on N-glycosylated unique peptides. In total, 395 N-glycosylated proteins were identified in the db/db mouse model and 505 were identified in the STZ mouse model with P < 0.05. All 395 and 505 proteins were respectively used in the IPA as the final step shown in panel B. 153 proteins were identified in both mouse models and those proteins were used in the multivariate analyses