Table 2 Serum levels of proteins differentiating between a healthy controls vs SLE, b SLE patients with organ damage (SDI ≥ 1) vs those without organ damage (SDI = 0), c patients with biopsy-proven active lupus nephritis (active LN) vs patients without lupus nephritis (no LN), d patients with biopsy-proven active lupus nephritis (active LN) vs patients with inactive biopsy-proven lupus nephritis (inactive LN)

SIRT2

8.31 (6.49–10.1)

19.8 (15.5–24.0)

2.33

6.5 × 10⁻⁶

5.1 × 10⁻⁴

IL18

183 (155–212)

287 (257–316)

1.67

1.6 × 10⁻⁵

6.2 × 10⁻⁴

CASP8

2.04 (1.88–2.20)

2.99 (2.68–3.30)

1.37

2.5 × 10⁻⁵

6.3 × 10⁻⁴

sCD40

527 (466–588)

735 (639–831)

1.29

3.2 × 10⁻⁵

6.3 × 10⁻⁴

sSLAMF1

5.10 (4.0–6.19)

6.52 (6.0–7.05)

1.39

9.0 × 10⁻⁵

1.1 × 10⁻³

sTNFRSF9

87.8 (75.2–100)

141 (123–159)

1.54

1.1 × 10⁻⁴

1.1 × 10⁻³

ST1A1

3.36 (2.04–4.69)

8.04 (6.66–9.43)

2.41

1.3 × 10⁻⁴

1.1 × 10⁻³

STAMBP

12.1 (10.1–14.1)

18.9 (16.1–21.8)

1.42

1.5 × 10⁻⁴

1.1 × 10⁻³

CCL19

804 (394–1215)

1646 (1326–1966)

2.04

1.5 × 10⁻⁴

1.1 × 10⁻³

IL10

8.33 (6.94–9.72)

17.8 (10.4–25.1)

1.38

3.7 × 10⁻⁴

2.6 × 10⁻³

CCL4

77.7 (63.8–91.6)

123 (109–138)

1.46

4.2 × 10⁻⁴

2.7 × 10⁻³

IL12B

17.3 (13.3–21.4)

29.3 (25.1–33.5)

1.96

5.7 × 10⁻⁴

3.4 × 10⁻³

IL6

4.18 (3.28–5.09)

26.9 (−0.62–54.4)

1.67

7.0 × 10⁻⁴

3.9 × 10⁻³

CCL3

9.58 (4.47–14.7)

35.8 (−11.2–82.9)

1.51

7.6 × 10⁻⁴

4.0 × 10⁻³

CXCL11

187 (142–232)

343 (279–408)

1.58

1.1 × 10⁻³

5.4 × 10⁻³

sPDL1

3.43 (3.19–3.67)

4.24 (3.91–4.57)

1.28

1.2 × 10⁻³

5.4 × 10⁻³

sIL18R1

106 (90.1–122)

139 (126–152)

1.28

1.4 × 10⁻³

6.0 × 10⁻³

sCX3CL1

86.9 (74.8–99.0)

131 (108–153)

1.39

2.2 × 10⁻³

9.0 × 10⁻³

sDNER

170 (161–179)

150 (143–157)

0.91

2.6 × 10⁻³

1.0 × 10⁻²

sIL15RA

1.90 (1.68–2.13)

2.43 (2.19–2.66)

1.23

2.9 × 10⁻³

1.1 × 10⁻²

CSF1

241 (223–259)

281 (270–293)

1.11

3.3 × 10⁻³

1.2 × 10⁻²

sLIFR

8.35 (7.84–8.85)

10.3 (8.94–11.6)

1.04

3.4 × 10⁻³

1.2 × 10⁻²

IL8

236 (199–273)

383 (281–485)

1.27

3.9 × 10⁻³

1.2 × 10⁻²

CCL2

2133 (1801–2465)

3054 (2660–3449)

1.26

3.9 × 10⁻³

1.2 × 10⁻²

FGF23

2.77 (2.63–2.91)

4.32 (2.95–5.70)

1.01

5.8 × 10⁻³

1.8 × 10⁻²

LAP.TGFB1

131 (117–146)

158 (148–167)

1.28

6.6 × 10⁻³

1.9 × 10⁻²

sTRAIL

517 (470–565)

602 (568–636)

1.20

1.1 × 10⁻²

3.1 × 10⁻²

MMP10

98.5 (81.5–116)

156 (128–184)

1.34

1.4 × 10⁻²

3.7 × 10⁻²

CCL7

5.70 (4.57–6.83)

12.5 (7.31–17.7)

1.38

1.6 × 10⁻²

4.1 × 10⁻²

IL8

286 (215–358)

459 (286–632)

1.32

2.7 × 10⁻⁵

2.1 × 10⁻³

CCL2

2485 (2011–2960)

3502 (2924–4080)

1.50

4.3 × 10⁻⁴

1.6 × 10⁻²

IL6

8.28 (3.95–12.6)

41.5 (−7.95–91.0)

1.98

6.5 × 10⁻⁴

1.6 × 10⁻²

CCL11

273 (247–299)

344 (315–373)

1.30

8.0 × 10⁻⁴

1.6 × 10⁻²

FGF21

56.1 (28.8–83.4)

257 (57.1–456)

2.43

1.0 × 10⁻³

1.6 × 10⁻²

MMP10

112 (93.4–131)

190 (144–237)

1.24

2.4 × 10⁻³

3.1 × 10⁻²

IL18

255 (208–302)

311 (274–349)

1.19

3.7 × 10⁻³

4.1 × 10⁻²

CCL3

9.70 (8.24–11.2)

56.4 (−28.7–142)

1.32

4.8 × 10⁻³

4.4 × 10⁻²

FGF5

2.25 (2.13–2.37)

2.72 (2.31–3.12)

1.08

5.1 × 10⁻³

4.4 × 10⁻²

FGF23

3.75 (2.51–5.00)

4.77 (2.47–7.06)

1.15

5.7 × 10⁻³

4.4 × 10⁻²

CSF1

266 (254–278)

340 (310–370)

1.27

4.0 × 10⁻⁵

2.7 × 10⁻³

sIL15RA

2.17 (2.03–2.32)

3.65 (2.57–4.73)

1.43

9.0 × 10⁻⁵

2.7 × 10⁻³

sCD40

645 (595–695)

1116 (587–1645)

1.48

1.0 × 10⁻⁴

2.7 × 10⁻³

sCX3CL1

103 (93.2–112)

247 (134–359)

1.62

2.8 × 10⁻⁴

5.4 × 10⁻³

CASP8

2.80 (2.39–3.21)

3.84 (3.06–4.73)

1.49

1.1 × 10⁻³

1.7 × 10⁻²

sIL18R1

129 (119–139)

186 (121–251)

1.26

1.9 × 10⁻³

2.3 × 10⁻²

bNGF

2.66 (2.47–2.84)

3.66 (2.96–4.36)

1.41

2.2 × 10⁻³

2.3 × 10⁻²

GDNF

4.66 (4.37–4.96)

6.16 (4.98–7.33)

1.32

2.3 × 10⁻³

2.3 × 10⁻²

sIL15RA

2.15 (1.82–2.48)

3.65 (2.57–4.73)

1.56

8.9 × 10⁻⁴

6.9 × 10⁻²

CSF1

280 (253–306)

340 (310–370)

1.28

4.7 × 10⁻³

0.15

bNGF

2.64 (2.43–2.85)

3.66 (2.96–4.36)

1.29

4.7 × 10⁻³

0.15

sIL18R1

73.4 (66.2–80.5)

186 (121–251)

1.31

6.6 × 10⁻³

0.15

sCD40

688 (636–740)

1116 (587–1645)

1.32

1.2 × 10⁻²

0.18

sCX3CL1

118 (93.6–143)

247 (134–359)

1.42

2.3 × 10⁻²

0.25

CASP8

2.84 (2.42–3.26)

3.84 (3.06–4.73)

1.33

2.3 × 10⁻²

0.25