From: Evaluation of nipple aspirate fluid as a diagnostic tool for early detection of breast cancer
Liquid biopsy | Volume | Accessibility | Discomfort | Reference sample* | Sample preparation | Biomarker concentration | Patient led collection | Convention |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plasma | ++ | +++ | +++ | X | ++++ | ++ | X | +++++ |
Urine | +++++ | +++++ | + | X | +++ | + | √ | ++++ |
Saliva | +++ | +++++ | + | X | ++ | + | √ | +++ |
Ductal lavage | + | + | ++++ | √ | + | +++++ | X | + |
Random Periareolar Fine Needle Aspiration | + | + | +++++ | √ | ++ | +++++ | X | + |
Nipple Aspirate Fluid | + | +++(+) | ++ | √ | + | +++++ | √ | ++ |
+ | Small | Invasive | No discomfort/no distress | Extensive processing required | Low | Infrequent use for biomarkers | ||
+++++ | Large | Easily available | Painful/stressful | Limited process required | High | Frequent use for biomarkers |