| |
Never smokers (n = 1725)
|
Long-term former smokers (n = 782)
|
Excluded current smokers (n = 1088)
|
|---|
|
B-Cd (µg/L) mean (SD)/median
|
0.23 (0.16)/0.20
|
0.23 (0.16)/0.20
|
1.04 (0.71)/0.90
|
|
Age (years)
|
58.0 (5.8)
|
58.1 (5.9)
|
56.2 (5.8)
|
|
Sex (male, n, %)
|
497 (28.8)
|
399 (51.1)
|
440 (40.4)
|
|
Diabetes mellitus [n (%)]
|
113 (6.6)
|
67 (8.6)
|
74 (6.8)
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
25.7 (3.9)
|
26.0 (3.8)
|
24.8 (3.9)
|
|
LDL (mmol/L)
|
4.21 (0.98)
|
4.12 (0.95)
|
4.18 (0.99)
|
|
HDL (mmol/L)
|
1.43 (0.37)
|
1.39 (0.37)
|
1.36 (0.37)
|
|
hsCRP (mg/L)a
|
1.20 (0.6–2.4)
|
1.20 (0.6–2.3)
|
1.60 (0.8–3.4)
|
|
Anemic status (n, %)
|
45 (2.6)
|
20 (2.6)
|
20 (1.8)
|
|
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
|
141 (18.5)
|
141 (17.7)
|
138 (19.1)
|
|
Low education [n (%)]
|
765 (44.3)
|
374 (42.9)
|
517 (47.6)
|
|
Dietary intake of fiber (g/day)a
|
20.4 (16.6–25.0)
|
21.4 (17.0–26.3)
|
18.6 (14.7–23.6)
|
- Values expressed are means (±SD) or percentages unless specified elsewise
- B-Cd blood cadmium, BMI body mass index, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high density lipoprotein, hsCRP high-sensitive C-reactive protein
- aMedian (25–75%)
