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Table 3 Summary of the urine and blood-associated clinical proteomic studies highlighted in this review

From: Recent advances in mass spectrometry based clinical proteomics: applications to cancer research

Liquid biopsy

Protein quantitation

MS model

Sample preparation

Clinical question

Proteins detected

Patient cohort

References

Plasma

Isotopic label

LTQ Orbitrap

Immunodepletion, filtration, SCX fractionation

Pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis and healthy control plasma

1300

3

[156]

Label-free DDA

LTQ Orbitrap & 5500 Q-trap

PDX, N-glycopeptide enrichment, SRM validation in human sera

Ovarian cancer biomarker development

906

224

[175]

Label-free SWATH

5600 TOF

Immunodepletion, SCX, SAX, RPF, size-exclusion chromatography

Early diagnosis of CRC

427

100

[159]

5600 TOF

N-glycopeptide enrichment, Off-gel fractionation

Five different cancer types and their matched controls

1151

284

[172]

Serum

Label-free DDA

LTQ Orbitrap

PDX, N-glycopeptide enrichment, Targeted validation in human

PCa diagnosis

775

8

[173]

QE HF

PDX, N-glycopeptide enrichment, PRM validation in human sera

High grade serious ovarian cancer biomarkers and longitudinal monitoring

2200

20

[87]

iTRAQ

5600 TOF

Immunodepletion, SWATH verification

Proteins leaving lung cancer tumours into pulmonary veins

1000

50

[158]

Urine

Label-free DDA

5600 TOF

Gel fractionation, RPF, IEF

Characterization of the healthy urine proteome

6085

24

[176]

QE

MW-filtration, SCX, PRM validation

Renal cell carcinoma prognostic biomarkers

2589

115

[183]

LTQ

Gel fractionation

Identify novel therapeutic targets for Wilms tumour

6520

49

[184]

QE

Gel fractionation

Profiling urine from lung cancer patients and other tumors

7408

46

[185]

Post-DRE urine

iTRAQ

OV

Ultracentrifugation, RPF

Discovery of new biomarker for high Gleason PCa

4710

18

[191]

Label-free DDA

QE

Ultracentrifugation

Characterizing EVs from EPS in urine from PCa and healthy patients

877

24

[189]

SRM

TSQ Vantage

MW filtration, TFE

Targeted proteomics identifies signatures for extracapsular prostate cancer

232

74

[188]

Qtrap5500

FASP

Biomarker validation for early detection and stratification of PCa

64

107

[192]