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Fig. 4 | Clinical Proteomics

Fig. 4

From: Uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria: mapping the proteome from circulating platelets

Fig. 4

Platelet activation and parasite growth inhibition in vitro. A Platelet activation by Pv-IEs measured by PF4/CXCL4 release. Levels of PF4/CXCL4 from PLTs releasate (rPLTs) stimulated for 1 h at 37ºC with Pv-IE, uninfected erythrocytes (uEs), or RPMI media as a negative control. B Measurement of PF4 in PLTs releasate collected upon collagen stimulation. The rPLTs were obtained after stimulating PLTs with collagen (10 µg/mL) or PBS for 1 h at 37ºC, aliquoted and stored at -80ºC for further in vitro assays with fresh P. vivax isolates (see section C). This figure shows PF4/CXCL4 levels in five collagen-stimulated sPLT aliquots thawed at different times, to test PF4/CXCL4 stability in the frozen rPLTs. PF4/CXCL4 levels from sections A and B were measured by ELISA. C Effect of PLTs and PLTs releasate on P.vivax IE schizonts development. The figure depicts the effect of entire PLTs (ePLTs), releasate of PLTs activated by collagen 10 µg/mL (rPLTs), and RPMI media on Pv-IE schizont formation measured after 20–24 h of co-culturing with mature trophozoites. The frequency of schizont formation (%) was counted in Giemsa-stained thick blood films by light microscopy. D Frequency of P.vivax morphological alterations after culturing IEs with ePLTs or rPLTs. The frequency (%) of morphologically altered parasites was recorded in 100 Pv-IE. The morphological changes were defined as pycnotic nucleus, fragmented or condensed cytoplasm, and/or nucleus degradation. Kruskal–Wallis test have been shown statistical significance of mean and SD with p-value * < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001

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