Quantitative iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Identification of Candidate Biomarkers for Diabetic Nephropathy in Plasma of Type 1 Diabetic Patients

Table 1 Clinical data of the GENEX cohort differentiated according to the level of albuminuria

	N	MIC	DMN	p value
n, total	42	40	41
Gender, male/female	19/23	18/22	22/19	0.25
Age (years)	56 (11)	55 (11)	49 (10)^a	0.01^b
DM duration (years)	36 (11)	36 (11)	34 (10)	0.58
BMI (kg/m²)	24.5 (2.8)	25.2 (3.7)	25.3 (4.5)	0.62
HbA1c (%)	8.2 (1)	8.8 (1.2)	8.9 (1.1)^a	0.02*
Creatinine (μmol/l)^b	91 (82–96)	90 (81–102)	124 (99–172)^a,c	<0.0001*
U-albumin (mg/g)^b,d	6 (4–8)	23 (9–59)	453 (195–936)^a,c	<0.0001*
eGFR (ml min⁻¹/1.73 m²)	70.1 (10.7)	68.6 (11.4)	49.5 (18.5)^a,c	<0.0001*
Cholesterol (mmol/l)	4.8 (0.8)	5 (1)	4.9 (1)	0.55
Systolic BP (mmHg)	138 (23)	140 (23)	144 (19)	0.42
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	74 (10)	73 (12)	78 (10)	0.09

Numbers are presented as mean (SD)
n numbers, DM diabetes mellitus, HbA1c haemoglobin A1c, U-albumin urinary albumin levels normalised to creatinine levels, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, BP blood pressure
*p < 0.05
^aIndicates that means differed significantly between DMN group and N group
^bNumbers are presented as median (IQR 25%–75%)
^cIndicates that means differed significantly between DMN group and MIC group
^dSome patients had U-albumin levels reduced by antihypertensive medication which was not stopped when spot urine samples were collected for the study

ISSN: 1559-0275