Figure 1

CSF biomarkers of AD. CSF Aβ_1-42(A), t-tau (B) and p-tau₁₈₁(C) in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) or healthy controls (HC). Horizontal red bars indicate median values. Horizontal dotted lines indicate recommended cut-off levels for the diagnosis of AD; Aβ_1-42 < 550 pg/mL, t-tau > 450 pg/mL (age 51–70 years) and p-tau > 60 pg/mL[31]. Statistical significant differences (pairwise analysis by the Mann–Whitney U test) are indicated with horizontal brackets (***, p < 0.001; **, p < 0.01 level; *, p < 0.05). Exact p values are given below each bracket.