Fig. 4

a Displays the Log₍₁₀₎ values of average of TIC and average of AUC of CMV, CEV and DFV peptides, indicating that there was no major variation in TIC across different samples, although the AUC of CMV, CEV and DFV increased with severity of diabetes. b Spectra depicting co-eluted fragment ions of DFV, CMV and CEV peptides of β-hemoglobin using PINPOINT software. c AUC of DFV, CMV and CEV peptides of β-hemoglobin depicting relative abundance. d Relative fold change in AUC for DFV, CMV and CEV peptides of β-hemoglobin by PRM. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test and Bonferonnis posttests. Clinical groups are represented as C control, PD prediabetes, D diabetes, PCD poorly controlled diabetes (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.0005)