Validation of a novel model for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 4 Diagnostic performance of biomarkers alone and in combination with clinical factors in the development cohort (JHMI/UTSMC) and in the model 5 in the validation cohort (NCI EDRN)

Model	Predictor variables		AUC	AUC 95% CI	SE	SP	SE (SP = 0.90)	SP (SE = 0.90)	SP (SE = 0.75)
Development cohort
1	AFP		0.88	0.84–0.93	0.86	0.77	0.64	0.64	0.81
2	PIVKA-II		0.87	0.82–0.90	0.86	0.72	0.51	0.65	0.77
3	Age, gender, AFP		0.93	0.90–0.96	0.94	0.76	0.78	0.78	0.91
4	Age, gender, PIVKA-II		0.91	0.87–0.94	0.93	0.72	0.67	0.72	0.86
5	Age, gender, AFP, PIVKA-II		0.95	0.93–0.98	0.93	0.84	0.84	0.83	0.97
Validation cohort
5^a	Age, gender, AFP, PIVKA-II	All	0.87	0.85–0.90	0.74	0.85	0.67	0.54	0.84
		Viral etiology	0.86	0.83–0.89	0.79	0.80	0.62	0.61	0.82
		Non-viral etiology	0.87	0.83–0.91	0.75	0.91	0.75	0.58	0.91
5^b	Age, gender, AFP, PIVKA-II	All	0.85	0.81–0.88	0.70	0.86	0.63	0.51	0.79
		Viral etiology	0.86	0.82–0.89	0.81	0.80	0.60	0.61	0.83
		Non-viral etiology	0.83	0.77–0.90	0.68	0.91	0.68	0.57	0.74

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