Fig. 1

MAH killing dynamics in vitro and in macrophages. a MAH 104 time-kill curves of bactericidal concentrations of AMK and CLA show bacterial CFUs over 4 days in aerobic, anaerobic and biofilm conditions. Antimicrobials were added to the 7H9 Middlebrook liquid medium at time zero and bacterial CFUs were compared with the growth control without the drug treatment. b MAH104 invasion rates in THP-1 macrophages. Bacteria of the anaerobic and biofilm phenotypes had increased uptake by THP-1 cells when compared to MAH of the aerobic phenotype. MAH were incubated with THP-1 cells for 2 h, extracellular bacteria were removed, and macrophages were lysed for CFU counts. The percentage of invasion was established by calculating the number of bacteria (from inoculum) that entered host cells during 2 h infection. Data are mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01, the significance of differences between MAH104 experimental groups and corresponding bacterial growth controls within the same conditions. c MAH104 survival rates in THP-1 macrophages. THP-1 monolayers were infected with bacteria of the aerobic, anaerobic or biofilm phenotype and killing dynamics were recorded over 7 days during AMK or CLA treatment. Bactericidal concentrations of antimicrobials were added to the tissue culture after 2 h infection and then every alternate day. Growth control without drug treatment is also shown. Data are mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, between MAH aerobic infection rate versus bacterial infection of anaerobic and biofilm phenotype