Circulating proteins as predictive and prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer

Table 2 Studies of interest presenting circulating proteins produced by the immune system in plasma and serum of patients with breast cancer

Protein	Function	Studied population	Number of patients	Clinical association with elevated blood levels	Refs
IL-6 and Il8		Hormone resistant BC	87	Prognostic factor of survival. Associated with a poor survival	[98]
		BC	110	High serum IL-6 and IL-8 associated with advanced clinical disease stages and lymph node metastasis	[137]
		TNBC	110	High risk of recurrence and metastasis, and poor survival rate	[28]
		M + BC	181	Poor progression-free survival and poor OS	[108]
		HER2 +	249	High risk of distant recurrence	[138]
IFN-γ		ER + BC	72	Favourable disease outcome	[139]
InterleukinsMIP-1α and β		BC	11	High levels of IL-8, MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-1 beta in BC patients	[52]
LCN2	Involved in inflammatory response, and cancer growth	BC and healthy participants	113 (BC) 30 (healthy patients)	Poor clinical outcome	[142]
LCN2	Involved in inflammatory response, and cancer growth	BC	303	Poor disease-free survival	[143]

BC: Breast cancer, IL6 and 8: Interleukins 6 and 8, LCN2: Lipocalin 2, MIP-1: Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins-1 alpha M + : metastatic, OS: Overall survival, TNBC: Triple negative breast cancer

ISSN: 1559-0275