Fig. 5

Proteomic profile of lung tissue from COVID-19 patients differs based on the cause of death: pneumonia or DAD/ARDS. A Principal component analysis of the COVID-19 samples demonstrates that samples cluster depending on whether the patients died of pneumonia or DAD/ARDS; B proteomic profiles correspond to the cause of death, with major bacterial infection response proteins upregulated in pneumonia samples and not in DAD/ARDS. C Gene ontology analysis of biological processes (GOBP) of significantly more abundant proteins in the pneumonia cohort (p-value < 0.05, log₂ fold change (to DAD/ARDS) > 0.5). D GOBP of significantly more abundant proteins in the DAD/ARDS cohort (p-value < 0.05, log₂ fold change (to pneumonia) > 0.5)