Associations of circulating proteins with lipoprotein profiles: proteomic analyses from the OmniHeart randomized trial and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Table 4 Proportion of the association between diet and lipoprotein concentrations mediated by diet-related plasma proteins in the OmniHeart trial^a

			HDL-C (mmol/L)		Triglyceride (mmol/L)		non-HDL-C (mmol/L)		TC:HDL-C ratio
Name of the protein	Uniprot ID	Entrezgene symbol	% mediated	P	% mediated	P	% mediated	P	% mediated	P
Protein-rich vs. carbohydrate-rich dietary pattern (reference) (n = 6)
Apolipoprotein M	O95445	APOM	97.6	0.01	—	—	—	—	—	—
Afamin	P43652	AFM	56.9	0.01	—	—	—	—	—	—
Collagen alpha-3(VI) chain	P12111	COL6A3	—	—	25.2	0.002	25.1	< 0.001	—	—
Chitinase-3-like protein 1	P36222	CHI3L1	—	—	20.6	0.004	—	—	—	—
Inhibin beta A chain	P08476	INHBA	—	—	36.0	< 0.001	—	—	—	—
Palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUM	Q6P988	NOTUM	—	—	41.8	< 0.001	—	—	—	—
Unsaturated fat-rich vs. carbohydrate-rich dietary pattern (reference) (n = 4)
Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	P49913	CAMP	—	—	68.9	0.02	43.6	< 0.001	—	—
Guanylate-binding protein 2	P32456	GBP2	—	—	—	—	—	—	70.1	0.002
COP9 signalosome complex subunit 7b	Q9H9Q2	COPS7B	—	—	—	—	33.4	< 0.001	—	—
Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1	Q8N695	SLC5A8	—	—	—	—	—	—	96.3	0.004
Protein-rich vs. unsaturated fat-rich dietary pattern (reference) (n = 1)
Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1	Q8N695	SLC5A8	73.6	< 0.001	—	—	—	—	—	—

^a All diet comparisons lowered high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (C), triglycerides, non-HDL-C and the ratio of total cholesterol and HDL-C. The unsaturated fat-rich vs. carbohydrate-rich dietary patterns increased HDL-C concentrations, and the protein-rich vs. unsaturated fat-rich dietary patterns found no difference in non-HDL-C (Additional file 2: Table S1). Proportion mediated and P-values were calculated using causal mediation analysis. We fit two linear mixed models with random intercepts. The first model evaluated the association between each of the diet comparisons and proteins (mediator). The second model evaluated the association between each of the diet comparisons and lipoprotein outcomes, after controlling for proteins. Diet-related plasma proteins significantly associated with lipoprotein outcomes that had statistically significant mediation are presented. No diet-related protein was significantly associated low-density lipoprotein-C
— indicates that there was no significant association between the diet-related protein and lipoprotein outcome

ISSN: 1559-0275